Historically, treating endometriosis meant undergoing open surgery, which required a large incision across the abdomen. This method was invasive and came with long recovery times.
Today, medical advancements have changed how endometriosis is treated. Most patients requiring surgery for endometriosis can now benefit from laparoscopic surgery, a minimally invasive procedure that delivers results with faster recovery. In this article, we’ll explore how laparoscopy works, its benefits, and what you can expect from the procedure.
What is Endometriosis?
Endometriosis occurs when tissue akin to uterine lining (endometrium) grows outside the uterus. This tissue may attach to the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other pelvic organs.
This tissue behaves like normal uterine lining during the menstrual cycle—it thickens, breaks down, and bleeds. However, because it cannot exit the body, it can give rise to inflammation, scarring, and the formation of adhesions (bands of fibrous tissue).
Symptoms of Endometriosis
- Chronic pelvic pain
- Painful periods (dysmenorrhea)
- Pain during intercourse
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Infertility
- Digestive or urinary issues during menstruation
The severity of symptoms can vary for different women. Some experience mild discomfort, while others endure debilitating pain that interferes with their quality of life.
Treating Endometriosis with Laparoscopy
Laparoscopic surgery is a preferred method for diagnosing and treating endometriosis. Unlike traditional open surgery, this minimally invasive surgery uses small incisions and specialised instruments, allowing surgeons to view and treat affected areas with precision.
This procedure can achieve multiple goals:
- Confirming the diagnosis of endometriosis through visual inspection or biopsy
- Removing or destroying endometrial implants, cysts, and adhesions
- Restoring the normal function of affected organs
For many women, laparoscopy alleviates pain and improves fertility outcomes.
Benefits of Laparoscopic Surgery For Endometriosis
Laparoscopy offers several advantages compared to more invasive techniques:
Minimally invasive approach
Smaller incisions mean less damage to surrounding tissues and organs.
Reduced pain and discomfort
Post-operative pain is significantly lower than with traditional open surgery.
Shorter recovery time
Compared to the longer recovery required for laparotomy, most patients can go back to doing normal activities within a week or two.
Improved precision
Surgeons use imaging tools to locate and treat even small lesions, increasing the likelihood of symptom relief.
Lower risk of complications
Smaller incisions mean reduced risks of infection and complications such as blood clots.
Laparoscopy VS Laparotomy
Laparoscopy and laparotomy are two surgical options for managing endometriosis.
Here’s how they differ:
| Feature | Laparoscopy | Laparotomy |
| Incision size | Small (0.5-1 cm) | Large (6-12 inches) |
| Recovery time | 1-2 weeks | 4-6 weeks |
| Hospital stay | Outpatient or 1 day | 3-5 days |
| Precision | High | Moderate |
| Risk of infection | Low | Higher |
While laparotomy may be necessary in complex cases, laparoscopy is generally the first-line surgical option due to its minimal invasiveness.
Step-by-step Procedure
Understanding the steps involved in laparoscopic surgery can help prepare you for the experience.
Pre-operative Preparation
- You will undergo pre-surgery tests, including blood work and imaging.
- Fasting is required for 6-8 hours before the procedure.
- Your doctor will explain the risks and obtain your consent.
Anaesthesia
You will be under general anaesthesia, ensuring you are asleep and pain-free during the surgery.
Incisions and Access
- The surgeon makes a small incision near the navel.
- Carbon dioxide gas is used to expand the abdomen, creating space for the surgeon to work.
- A laparoscope (a thin, lighted tube with a camera) is inserted through the incision.
Treatment
- Additional small incisions are made for surgical instruments.
- The surgeon identifies and removes or destroys endometrial tissue, cysts, and adhesions.
- In some cases, affected organs may need to be repositioned or repaired.
Closure
The gas is released after the instruments are removed. The small incisions are sutured or closed with surgical glue.
Recovery & Aftercare
Here’s what to expect when recovering from laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis.
Immediately After Surgery
Once the surgery is complete, you’ll remain in a recovery area as the anaesthesia wears off. It’s normal to feel groggy or slightly disoriented during this time.
Recovering at Home
In the days following surgery, prioritise rest and give your body time to heal. While light activities such as walking are encouraged to promote circulation, avoid heavy lifting, bending, or vigorous exercise for at least two weeks.
Follow-Up Care
Regular follow-up appointments are crucial to monitor your healing and assess how well the surgery addressed your symptoms. During these visits, your doctor may discuss additional treatments, such as hormonal therapy, to reduce the risk of endometriosis recurrence.
Your doctor will also review the surgery’s findings, such as the extent of endometrial growth or scarring, and discuss the next steps for managing your condition.
Potential Risks & Complications
While laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis is generally safe, there are potential risks to consider. These risks can be managed under the guidance of an experienced surgeon:
- Infection: Rare but possible at the incision sites.
- Bleeding: Minor bleeding is common, but severe cases may require intervention.
- Damage to Organs: Though uncommon, adjacent organs such as the bladder or intestines may be injured.
- Adhesion Formation: Paradoxically, surgery itself can cause new adhesions.
- Incomplete Relief: In some cases, symptoms may persist or recur.
Consult Dr TC Chang for Endometriosis Surgery with Laparoscopy
Laparoscopic surgery gives hope and relief to women living with endometriosis. You can confidently approach your treatment once you understand the procedure, its benefits, and the recovery process.
When considering laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis, choosing an experienced and compassionate surgeon is essential. Dr TC Chang performs minimally invasive procedures, providing personalised care to ensure you gain the best possible outcomes.