Ovarian Cysts Removal & Uterine Fibroids Treatment
Caring for your reproductive health can be daunting, especially with conditions like ovarian cysts and uterine fibroids. These challenges can impact daily life and knowing how they are diagnosed, managed and treated are the first steps to achieving better health.
What Are Ovarian Cysts?
Ovarian cysts are sacs filled with fluid that form on the ovaries. They are a normal part of the menstrual cycle for many women and may resolve independently without causing symptoms. However, in some instances, ovarian cysts can grow larger and cause pain and other complications.
What causes ovarian cysts?
Ovarian cysts can develop for various reasons, including hormonal imbalances, endometriosis, or follicle abnormalities during ovulation. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is also a common cause of ovarian cysts, where multiple small cysts form on the ovaries due to hormonal disturbances.
How are ovarian cysts diagnosed?
To diagnose ovarian cysts, doctors may perform a pelvic examination and order imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI. These tests help visualise the cysts’ size, shape, and location.
Types of ovarian cysts
Ovarian cysts can manifest in various forms, each with distinct characteristics. Common types include:
1
Follicular cysts
These develop when a follicle fails to rupture and release an egg during the menstrual cycle, causing fluid accumulation.
2
Corpus luteum cysts
These form when the follicle ruptures and releases an egg but fails to shrink afterwards, leading to fluid accumulation.
3
Endometriomas
These cysts develop when endometrial tissue grows within the ovaries, often due to endometriosis.
4
Dermoid cysts
These cysts contain tissue such as hair, skin, and even teeth, originating from embryonic cells. They are typically benign.
5
Cystadenomas
Cystadenomas develop from ovarian tissue and can be filled with mucous or fluid. They can grow quite large but are usually benign.
Symptoms of ovarian cysts
Pelvic pain
The most common symptom associated with ovarian cysts is pain. The pain may occur on one pelvis side and can radiate to the lower back or thighs.
Bloating
Bloating or feeling fullness in the lower abdomen may be due to a cyst pressing on surrounding organs.
Changes in menstrual cycle
Ovarian cysts can cause irregularities in the menstrual cycle, including heavier or lighter bleeding than usual and spotting between periods.
Pain during intercourse
Large ovarian cysts may cause discomfort or pain during sexual intercourse, especially if they put pressure on the pelvic organs.
Urinary symptoms
Ovarian cysts that press on the bladder may cause more frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder.
Painful bowel movements
Large cysts can exert pressure on the rectum, causing pain or discomfort during bowel movements.
Can ovarian cysts lead to cancer?
Benign ovarian cysts may resolve on their own. However, some types, such as dermoid cysts or cystadenomas, may have the potential to become cancerous. Therefore, it is essential to monitor ovarian cysts regularly and follow up with an ovarian cyst specialist to detect any concerning changes.
What treatment options are available for ovarian cysts in Singapore?
The treatment of ovarian cysts in Singapore depends on the cyst’s size, type, symptoms, and whether it poses risks to your health or fertility. Options range from non-surgical to surgical approaches.
Non-surgical treatment options for ovarian cysts include observation, medication, and lifestyle changes. For small, simple cysts causing no symptoms, doctors may recommend a “watchful waiting” approach, using ultrasounds to monitor the cyst’s size and ensure it doesn’t grow or cause complications.
Hormonal birth control pills can help regulate ovulation and prevent new cysts, while over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers may ease discomfort. These non-invasive approaches are suitable for women with functional cysts or mild symptoms.
Ovarian cyst removal surgery
Surgery for removing ovarian cysts is recommended when the cyst is larger than 5–10 cm and causes severe symptoms. It may also be necessary if the cyst appears complex or suspicious on imaging, as such cases could indicate a higher risk of malignancy.
In cases where surgery becomes necessary, a cystectomy may be recommended. A cystectomy can be performed with a minimally invasive laparoscopy or a traditional open surgery (laparotomy).
Ovarian cyst surgery - laparotomy
A laparotomy is a traditional open surgical procedure used to remove ovarian cysts, especially when they are too large, complex, or suspected to be cancerous. Unlike minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery, a laparotomy requires a larger incision, usually along the lower abdomen, to provide direct access to the ovaries and surrounding organs.
While the recovery time for a laparotomy is longer compared to laparoscopic surgery, it allows surgeons to address more complicated cases with greater accuracy.
Patients undergoing laparotomy should expect a hospital stay of a few days and a recovery period of several weeks.
Ovarian cyst surgery - laparoscopic
Laparoscopic ovarian cyst removal involves making small incisions in the abdomen through which a laparoscope (a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light) and surgical instruments are inserted.
The surgeon then uses the laparoscope to visualise the cyst and surrounding structures and carefully removes the cyst from the ovary. Laparoscopic ovarian cyst surgery offers a shorter recovery time, less postoperative pain, and reduced risk of complications compared to traditional open surgery.
What are the possible risks of the ovarian cyst removal procedure?
Every surgical procedure carries potential risks, likewise with ovarian cyst removal. The risks, however, are typically minimal, especially with minimally invasive techniques. Some risks include:
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infection
-
bleeding
-
damage to surrounding organ
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adverse reactions to anaesthesia
Getting an experienced doctor’s help can ensure that these risks are managed, minimised or avoided.
When should you see an ovarian cyst specialist?
Consult an ovarian cyst specialist if you experience the following:
- Severe or sudden onset of pelvic pain
- Fever or signs of infection
- Difficulty breathing
- Sudden changes in urinary or bowel habits
- Unexplained weight loss
- Family history of ovarian cancer
Additionally, if you have a history of ovarian cysts or are at higher risk due to conditions like PCOS, regular check-ups are recommended to monitor for any changes.
When should you see a gynaecologist in Singapore?
You should seek medical attention for uterine fibroids if you experience:
- Heavy menstrual bleeding that affects your quality of life or leads to anaemia.
- Pelvic pain or pressure that doesn’t improve with over-the-counter pain relievers.
- Difficulty emptying your bladder or frequent urination.
- Pain during sexual intercourse.
- Swelling or enlargement of the abdomen.
- Difficulty conceiving or recurrent miscarriages.
- Concerns about your reproductive health or if you have a family history of uterine fibroids.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can ovarian cysts affect fertility?
While most ovarian cysts do not significantly impact fertility, certain types of cysts, such as endometriomas, may affect egg quality or interfere with ovulation, potentially affecting fertility.
What is the cost of an ovarian cyst removal surgery?
The cost of ovarian cyst removal surgery in Singapore will depend on the type of procedure, hospital fees, and insurance coverage. It’s advisable to consult with your doctor for specific pricing information.
Which surgery is best for ovarian cysts?
The choice of surgery for ovarian cysts depends on the size and type of cyst, the patient’s overall health, and reproductive goals. Minimally invasive techniques are often preferred for smaller cysts, while open surgery may be necessary for more extensive or complex cysts.
What size of ovarian cyst is dangerous?
While there is no definitive size threshold for determining the risk of ovarian cysts, large cysts (over 5 centimetres) or those that cause symptoms such as persistent pain or bloating may warrant further evaluation and treatment.
Can ovarian cysts resolve on their own?
Many ovarian cysts resolve independently without treatment, especially if they are small and asymptomatic. However, larger cysts or those causing symptoms may require medical intervention or surgical removal.