Uterine fibroid is a common worry among women, especially during their reproductive years. Despite its prevalence, many of them are still unsure how and why it develops.
In this article, we discuss the causes of fibroids in the uterus to help women take proactive steps toward early detection and treatment, which is vital for managing symptoms and preventing complications.
Genetic causes
One of the primary factors in the development of fibroids is genetics. If a woman has a family history of fibroids, she is more likely to develop them herself. Fibroids tend to run in families, and women with a mother or sister who has fibroids are at a higher risk.
Certain genetic mutations may also predispose women to fibroid development. These genetic factors can influence fibroids’ growth rate and size, making it essential for women with a family history of this condition to be vigilant about their reproductive health.
Hormonal factors
Hormonal influences on fibroid growth in the uterus
Hormones, mainly oestrogen and progesterone, are significant to the development and growth of fibroids. Fibroids are made up of more oestrogen and progesterone receptors than normal uterine muscle cells, making them particularly sensitive to these hormones. During periods of high oestrogen, such as pregnancy, fibroids may grow more rapidly, while they often shrink or stop growing after menopause when hormone levels decrease.
Hormonal imbalances, especially those involving oestrogen dominance—where oestrogen levels are disproportionately high relative to progesterone—can further increase the risk of fibroid growth in the uterus. This imbalance can lead to the excessive thickening of the uterine lining, creating a favourable environment for fibroid formation. Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) also contribute to hormonal imbalances that may promote fibroid growth.
Impact of menstrual cycles
The menstrual cycle itself can influence fibroid growth. Each month, oestrogen levels rise and fall, stimulating the thickening of the uterine lining to prepare for a possible pregnancy.
If the woman does not conceive, the lining sheds during menstruation. This cyclical process can produce an environment conducive to fibroid development, especially if hormonal imbalances exist.
Lifestyle factors
Lifestyle choices may interact with genetic and hormonal influences to either increase or decrease the likelihood of fibroid formation.
Diet and nutrition
A diet low in green vegetables, fruit, and dairy has been associated with a heightened risk of fibroids in the uterus. Conversely, diets rich in fruits and vegetables, which provide antioxidants and fibre, may help reduce the risk.
Some studies suggest that higher consumption of soy products containing phytoestrogens may also influence fibroid growth, though the evidence is yet to be conclusive.
Obesity and weight management
Obesity is another risk factor for fibroids in the uterus. Excess body fat can cause elevated levels of oestrogen, as fat cells produce oestrogen in addition to the ovaries. This excess oestrogen contributes to the development of fibroids.
Keeping an ideal body weight through consistent exercise and a healthy diet can help lower this risk.
Stress
Chronic stress affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which regulates the production of hormones, including those involved in the menstrual cycle. Prolonged stress is one of the causes of hormonal imbalances, which may promote fibroid growth.
Other potential factors
Age and reproductive history
Fibroids are most common in women during their 30s and 40s, with the risk increasing as a woman approaches menopause. Women who have never given birth are also at a higher risk of developing fibroids, though the reasons for this are not fully understood.
Race and ethnicity
Race and ethnicity are significant in the prevalence of fibroids. Compared to Asian women, African-American women are more likely to develop fibroids in the uterus and tend to experience them at a younger age and with more severe symptoms compared to women of other racial groups. The reasons for these disparities may involve a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
Medical conditions
Medical conditions such as diabetes and hypertension have been linked to an increased risk of fibroids. These conditions may contribute to hormonal imbalances or inflammatory processes that promote fibroid growth.
Why early detection & treatment matter
Fibroids in the uterus can cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic discomfort, and infertility. If left untreated, they can lead to more severe issues such as anaemia, urinary problems, and complications during pregnancy.
Timely treatment is advisable to help alleviate symptoms and prevent the fibroids from growing larger, making treatment more difficult. Furthermore, early intervention often allows for less invasive treatments, reducing recovery time and improving outcomes.
Treatment for fibroids in the uterus in Singapore
Understanding the causes of fibroids and the importance of early treatment is essential for women at risk of developing these growths. Early intervention alleviates symptoms and also reduces the risk of complications, making it critical in managing fibroids.
Dr TC Chang offers a comprehensive approach to fibroid treatment, tailoring it to each woman’s unique needs. Treatment may consist of hormone-regulating medications and minimally invasive procedures. For severe cases, surgeries such as myomectomy or hysterectomy might be necessary..
Dr Chang’s experience and expertise ensure that each patient receives personalised care to manage their symptoms effectively and improve their quality of life. Book an appointment to learn more about treatment and surgery for fibroids in the uterus.